Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) Legal 2 Practice Test

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• Which case established the Reasonable Expectation of Privacy standard for wiretaps?
• What can an officer do with probable cause to arrest?
• Custodial Interrogation stops when:
• Which of the following is a privileged communication?
• Reasonable suspicion falls between which two standards?
• What does the 'deep pockets' theory imply in police liability?
• What term describes government actions taken by an officer under color of law?
• Which statement about special relationships is true?
• Which areas are not covered by the Open Fields Doctrine?
• A negligent tort is described as which of the following?
• Is an abandoned item protected by the Fourth Amendment?
• The Electronic Communications Privacy Act includes procedures for obtaining which of the following?
• Which statement about polygraphs and hypnosis in court is true?
• What is a Hold Harmless Agreement in the context of police liability?
• Which statement describes a Special Relationship in police liability?
• Which scenario aligns with the material's stance on probable cause for warrants?
• Which devices do not intercept communications?
• Stop and frisk requires which level of certainty?
• If consent to search is given, may it be withdrawn at any time?
• What is the Purged Taint Exception?
• Under the Fourth Amendment, a seizure occurs when:
• Which rule states that after formal charging, a suspect in a lineup has a right to a lawyer present?
• In an open view scenario, where does the officer observe the item?
• Which statement defines a municipal policy?
• Under the exclusionary rule, when might a lawyer seek to exclude evidence?
• Under the old concept of electronic surveillance, wiretaps did what in relation to the Fourth Amendment?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five main categories of intentional torts?
• A stop based upon probable cause that a traffic infraction has occurred is typically described as?
• Reasonable Suspicion is defined as...
• Which statement correctly describes the exclusionary rule?
• For deprivation of freedom, which statement correctly describes the condition?
• What does the 4th Amendment not apply to?
• Which term best describes municipal custom?
• In a photographic identification, which statement best describes the use of photographs to identify a suspect?
• A fishing expedition refers to...
• The best basis for evaluating whether force used in a police incident was appropriate is:
• What does the plain view doctrine allow?
• What is the standard that justifies an arrest, as opposed to a stop?
• Which statement correctly defines a frisk?
• What does Frye Doctrine require?
• To succeed in a civil rights claim, what must the plaintiff prove?
• Which activity is commonly associated with stationhouse detention?
• Present sense impressions: which statement describes it?
• A vehicle stop is best described as what?
• In the context of Fourth Amendment law, intercepting electronic communications typically requires what?
• Which practice helps police minimize liability?
• When does the right to counsel apply in a lineup?
• The Electronic Communications Privacy Act does what?
• What term refers to a persistent, widespread practice that is so common or well settled as to constitute municipal policy?
• If malice is present in obtaining a warrant, what is the implication for probable cause?
• Which statement best reflects the material's stance on probable cause for a warrant?
• Which statement is true about open fields?
• The Miranda rights include the rights to remain silent and to have counsel present during interrogation.
• Which statement differentiates open view from open fields?
• Why do most LEOs not countersue?
• Custodial Interrogation is best described as:
• For Miranda purposes, custody is defined as.
• Factory surveys are conducted by which government officials to determine illegal employment?
• Which of the following is listed as an area search under the Patriot Act?
• What is the Independent Source Exception?
• The totality of circumstances test is best described as:
• Probable cause is negated for a warrant if the warrant was obtained with what?
• Arrest is defined as:
• Which of the following is an example of an intentional tort?
• Which statement best describes the Wade-Gilbert Rule in lineup procedures?
• How is probable cause established?
• What does a suspect have a right to in a lineup composition and procedure?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five categories of liability?
• Which term best matches the concept of a policy formed from common practice rather than formal law?
• What is a lineup?
• Under the plain view doctrine, which condition is required?
• What can law enforcement do after stopping a vehicle?
• Electronic surveillance is defined as what?
• Under federal law, a wiretap requires what?
• Which statement describes the scope of a frisk?
• Which scenario would render evidence inadmissible due to Miranda issues?
• Which statement about the old vs. new concept is true?
• What is DNA evidence?
• Which action is explicitly listed as something police can do after an arrest?
• Probable cause is defined as:
• What does the Silver Platter Doctrine involve?
• Which statement describes the Public Duty Doctrine's effect on liability to the public?
• Which statement about municipal policy and municipal custom is true?
• In which scenario is an action most clearly described as color of law?
• Which item is an element of detention?
• Which term is described as a simple hunch and is listed as a level of proof?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of arrest in the material?
• Under the Open Fields Doctrine, seizable property is located where?
• Which statement describes the Inevitable Discovery Exception?
• A valid waiver of Miranda rights requires:
• Which document can formally charge an offense besides indictment?
• Good Faith Exclusions refer to exclusion when what occurs?
• Which statement best defines relevant evidence?
• Reasonable suspicion is defined as:
• What is a factory survey?
• Under which circumstance are Miranda warnings not required?
• If a suspect invokes the 5th Amendment, interrogation:
• The two sides of police liability are divided into which categories?
• The purpose of Miranda warnings is to inform a suspect of their rights before custodial interrogation.
• Are open fields protected by the Fourth Amendment?
• Which term describes the process in which a victim or witness is shown photographs to identify a suspect?
• Which of the following is a correct pairing for stop/arrest standards?
• What is the correct basis for evaluating the reasonableness of force used by an officer?
• Which action requires probable cause?
• What is hearsay?
• Which choice is NOT a recommended method to minimize liability?
• During in-custody interrogation, the suspect has no right against self-incrimination.
• Which term denotes a one-on-one observation of the suspect shortly after a crime?
• Which action is not an example of a self-incrimination type discussed?
• Which statement best describes the difference between a frisk and a full search?
• To determine if force was reasonable, which of the following must be considered?
• In civil rights cases, what does 'color of law' refer to?
• What standard applies to a vehicle stop for possible involvement in criminal activity?
• The term confession is defined as:
• When can the exclusionary rule be used?
• Which statement best defines a waiver in legal terms?
• Which statement reflects the material's stance on probable cause for warrants?
• Which of the following is included among the six types of privileged communications?
• Which statement accurately describes the difference between frisk and search?
• Probable cause is used to justify which actions?
• The totality of circumstances approach describes:
• Which pair best summarizes the two broad force categories in law enforcement work?
• What term refers to a witness observing the suspect one-on-one shortly after a crime?
• Under the Plain View doctrine, seizable property is typically located where?
• What is the purpose of the exclusionary rule?
• Which of the following is a privileged communication?
• Which factor is used to determine curtilage?
• A witness is defined as what?
• What best defines abandonment of property?
• Which statement best defines a tort?
• If Miranda rights are not advised and a confession occurs, the evidence is generally:
• When is the right to due process of law violated?
• Who are the major parties typically named in police civil liability cases?
• Which are requirements for the plain view doctrine?
• What are the two main categories of tort?
• Which statement describes a Terry Stop?
• Which statement describes a vehicle checkpoint?
• A search conducted at the time of arrest is:
• A policy that arises from a long-standing practice and is widely accepted is best described as:
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of detention?
• Which item is NOT a listed step in the procedure for a prisoner after arrest, according to the material?
• Under the Wade-Gilbert Rule, when is a suspect entitled to have a lawyer present during a lineup or confrontation?
• What does Kirby Rule establish?
• What describes anything communicated orally during an investigation where a person incriminates themselves?
• Custodial Interrogation occurs when a suspect is in custody and under interrogation.
• Which evidentiary item is admissible in court?
• What term describes the area immediately surrounding a dwelling where privacy expectations are higher and is protected from warrantless search?
• Which statement best distinguishes frisk from search?
• Which statement correctly describes the stop scenario?
• How is an intentional tort defined?
• What is the primary purpose of conducting a frisk?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes wiretaps from pen registers?
• Which of the following is one of the five main categories of intentional torts?
• What term describes an act during an investigation where a person or witness incriminates themselves either explicitly or implicitly?
• Under the new concept, wiretaps violate the Fourth Amendment if what occurs?
• Which statement best describes what torts are?
• The exclusionary rule is addressed through which mechanism?
• Spontaneous admissions are an example of what type of evidence?
• Stationhouse detention is typically conducted at the police station for purposes such as obtaining fingerprints, photographs, lineups, or securing identification.
• The exclusionary rule addresses evidence obtained by the government and not by the citizen.
• An admission is defined as:
• Which of the following is a privileged communication?
• Which of the following is a correct example of an intentional tort category?
• Which party is typically named in police use-of-force civil liability suits?
• What can an officer do with consent to search?
• Which of the following is an example of a hearsay exception?
• Which statement about probable cause and arrest without a warrant is true?
• What is a pen register primarily?
• What does it mean to be formally charged?
• Miranda warnings must be advised when:
• Which statement best describes the Public Duty Doctrine?
• What are the two basic types of force used in police work?
• What are two advantages of obtaining a warrant prior to acting based on probable cause?
• Which statement best describes the Open Fields Doctrine?
• What is the legitimate basis for stopping a person for investigation before detention becomes an arrest?
• Reasonable force must be based on which of the following?
• Which of the following best describes the difference between a stop and an arrest?